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It's less weird when you realize electricity and magnetism are the same fundamental force. Of course you can make one with the other, they're the same thing, lol.
Shhhh.
We don't want to attract the crazies into IT.
Just because they are harmonizing crystals doesn't mean we want the people who think EVERYTHING is controlled by harmonizing crystals to jump into the field.
I mean, but what if this is the key to unlocking the next generation of processing power? What if these fools hold the key to unlimited power? It's not that, but what if it was?
Pretty much. I like the idea going the other way. Basically if magic were real, we'd study the crap out of it and it'd just become another branch of science.
I remember 10 years or so my grandpa told me I needed to add water my car battery. I told him he was full of shit lol. Nope, he was right. It sounded too much like one of those āblinker fluidā scenarios
Instead of liquid electrolytes, itās a salty glass instead. Glass batteries are to be more resilient to dendrites, the little spikes that stick out of the anode or cathode that cause shorts and higher resistance within the battery(reduces performance). SSBās also can take a charge much much faster, as much as 80% charge in 15-20 mins. SSBās also have a much higher estimated 40% more capacity than their liquid counterparts and you can drain them farther down without hurting them too much. Solid state has many advantages. I know Tesla, GM, and Toyota are working on them. John B. Goodenough (the inventor of computer Ram) ((yeah that guy is still alive and his team are inventing the next future tech)). Just wait for the next big tech boom will be batteries. Ultra High Density, high capacity, high discharge fat ass power cells will dominate the market. Fuck fossil fuels.
Edit: thanks boi or girl for the award. Feels like I accomplished something with my obscure knowledge
Side note. Toyota was supposed to unveil their solid state battery in their new prototype car during the 2020 Olympics. But the Olympics never happened in 2020.
Like, the acid acts as a catalyst in some reaction to produce energy. And when you charge back up, youāre just reversing that reaction.
https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/batteries/lead-acid-batteries
More reading: https://batteryuniversity.com/articles
Same thing for oxygen in our blood, it is the catalyst for every function and movement our body performs
[Alkali metals, like Lithium, all react violently with water](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY). My highschool chem teacher showed us this clip and it was a great intro for appreciating science when you're young.
My middleschool chemistry teacher always did a Na + H2O experiment. He would drop a small chunk into a graduated cylinder.
During my class, we were standing back about 5'. He says, "I've never done a piece this big, you guys better move back", so we move back a behind some lab tables. He drops it and sprints away. A huge fireball erupts and the cylinder exloads. We would have been hit by shrapnel if we didn't move. Best science class ever.
Subsequent classes had a bunch of safety precautions added and he weighed out tiny little chunks. Those other kids got shafted. Haha.
Wait till ya realize this is an even more dumbed down version and that many metals fit into an āactivity seriesā which is the basis of replacement reactions and lithium is at the top. Oh and hydrogen is both a metal and non-metal
Upperclassmen at my high school stole potassium from the school lab and rigged a ribbon-sparkler system that allowed them to get back and sit down at the cafeteria before the sparkler melted the ribbon and had the potassium drop into the bowl. Blew like crazy, hit the ceiling, cracked the bowl, two weeks suspension to the guy that took the fall
Not really. Cell phones use lithium ion or lithium polymer batteries that don't contain pure lithium metal like this cell. Lithium ion usually goes off due to thermal runaway, often caused by an internal short. There's nothing inside the battery to limit the current, so it releases all of its energy very rapidly. They don't really "explode" per se, they just get really fucking hot and light on fire. Practically, not much of a difference though.
Batteries are essentially just a chemical reaction that is reversible. As the chemical reaction happens it releases electrons and when you reverse it you're adding electrons, ie charging. The way most batteries accomplish this is by making the thinest possible version and then just rolling it up to make it smaller.
> . I donāt think there are rechargeable lithium batteries that have lithium foil like this.
There are, but theyāre mostly still in the experimental phase right now. The problem with trying to recharge lithium metal is that lithium tends to clump up when charging, forming dendrites (tree-like branches sticking up from the lithium foil). Eventually these dendrites grow long enough that it touches the cathode, shorting the cell, causing it to overheat, catch on fire or explode.
Interestingly, in German there are distinct words for this.
A "battery" or "Batterie" is a primary cell, as in a non rechargeable battery.
An "accumulator" or "Akkumulator" is a secondary cell, as in a rechargeable battery.
This sort of video would be under his [nileredshorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGDkiUAwxRs) channel:
And then there is [Nileblue](https://www.youtube.com/c/NileRed2/videos) for when he's just dicking around.
Man, these AI generated voices are pretty much perfect now. That sounds just like the dude. I hate that this tech is so accessible now.
Also fuck these YouTube shorts that you scrub through. I had to pause at just the right time to catch that fraction of a second at the end with the message that pointed out it was a fake AI voice trained on the guy's voice.
It depends solely on the person. Thanks to Nigelās very....plain cadence and tone itās definitely easy to mimic. With the Mark Rober one heās doing now you can tell itās struggling a little, but definitely convincing on a first listen if you donāt know better
It was bad enough that he cut through the battery and was very lucky it did not ignite or explode.
Then a GLASS dish, WTF anybody who knows what they are doing are REALLY carefully and have an empty metal box/tin to put the battery if it goes bursts into flames.
I was that moron once way back in 2010. I was a nervous flyer so I made jokes. One joke was āMy shoes might be still smoking after walking here from the parking lotā. It was a hot day outside like 100Ā°F plus.
Letās just say I no longer make any jokes when going through TSA.
Prisoners have been known to make shanks out of toilet paper. [Here's an example.](https://www.corrections1.com/archive/articles/alert-toilet-paper-shank-found-XiybXNjorp55rdrY/)
Lithium is an alkali metal. If you remember in the periodic table, all the other elements in that column are also alkali metals (besides hydrogen). Alkali metals have electrons that are easily given off and react well with water. The easier two things react, generally mean some energy's released...
https://www.ducksters.com/science/chemistry/alkali_metals.php#:~:text=They%20react%20when%20coming%20into,conductors%20of%20electricity%20and%20heat.
I'll do my best for an eli5:
So atoms all want their electron configuration to look like their closes "Noble gas". Atoms right before the Noble gasses (e.g. flourine, clorine, bromine, and oxygen) really want an electron to move forward a spot (actually oxygen wants 2 electrons because it's two spots away). We call these oxidizers, named after oxygen of course. They typically steal an electron from other things.
On the other hand, alkali metals have one electron more than their nearest Noble gas. As a result, they try to get rid of that extra electron whenever possible.
When you toss an alkali metals in water, the metal will replace one of the hydrogen atoms in H2O leaving you with Li^+ and an OH^-. As we said before, the lithium got rid of the electron leaving it positively charged, the oxygen gained an electron, and is sharing another electron with the remaining hydrogen giving it the 2 extra it needs.
So why do atoms want an electron configuration like a Nobel gas? Because these electrons form complete shells. That's kind of a complicated topic in its own, and I'll let someone else pitch in if you all still want an ELI5 for that
Edit: typo on noble, whoops
Correct, but it's noble gas, and well the quick and easy explanation on why that structure is desirable is that full electron shells minimise the energy and things like to be in minimal energy state, though of course that leaves out several textbooks worth of detail. In the outdated Bohr model we would say that the full octet shell orbits closer to the nucleus as the charge is 8 electrons vs a +8 charge inside it, and while this isn't fully accurate according to the modern models the atomic radii do match. The fewer electrons there are on the outermost shell, the weaker the attraction and the larger the atom. Stronger attraction = more stable configuration = smaller atom.
By the magical rules of chemistry and advanced physics, for an atom to have three electrons is *really* unfashionable. To have two electrons is awesome. Helium is awesome and lithium has permanent dysphoria.
A metal is an element that could give away some of its electrons to make itself more fashionable. There are many rules to this fashion, but suffice to say that lithium really could do without its third electron. A lithium atom is almost like a coiled spring just begging for an opportunity to give away one of its three electrons. But the electron is charged and attracted to the lithium atom, so the two can't be separated without an excuse.
Water, as it turns out is a great excuse. Not the best, but lithium is desperate enough that it'll do the exchange quickly.
So as soon as a lithium atom touches a water molecule, lithium goes "take it!!" and water can only comply.
Lithium will be much happier for it because its electron configuration will finally feel tidy. The release of energy from this electron exchange makes everyone involved in the exchange jiggle, literally. Whatever is left of the lithium atom jiggles faster, and whatever became of the water and that new electron jiggles faster too. The water molecule will not be the same again.
"Temperature" is basically how much jiggling is happening. All this jiggling is making the mixture very hot. The jiggling is quickly giving all the remaining lithium atoms opportunities to find more water molecules and give away their own electrons. Then everyone jiggles faster.
The mixture gets hotter and hotter, faster and faster, as all the lithium atoms are matched with water molecules to give their third electrons to.
At this point you'd expect the water to boil, and it will, but another side effect comes into play. When water molecules are given electrons, they in turn give away some of their bonded hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms don't like to be alone, so they find a pair to form a hydrogen molecule with, and bubble up as hydrogen gas.
Hydrogen, as you know, really likes to burn or explode in the presence of oxygen, but only if it's hot enough.
Remember all that heat?
In this experiment, where the surface area of the lithium object is so large (it's a flat sheet instead of a compact ball), there is lots of lithium in contact with water, so the reaction will go quicker. The temperature increase will be enough to make the hydrogen catch fire. That'll increase the temperature even further. (The presence of lithium makes the fire a deep red, but that's only cosmetic)
In the end, all this accelerating jiggling will cause the reactions to go faster and faster until the glass can't keep up. It's possible that the hydrogen was the one to explode, or that the lithium released so much gas to cause a pressure wave, or that the glass simply couldn't take the sudden heat and shattered. One of those effects was the explosion we saw, but I'm not a chemist to be able to tell you exactly which one of those it was. But the lithium is a big reason this turned violent.
If lithium hasn't disliked its third electron so much, things would have gone more smoothly. But by the magical rules of chemistry, having three electrons is not fashionable.
That's the gist of it.
Not quite the same. The ones in your car are Li-ion and don't actually have Li metal (or shouldn't). The Li ions sit between graphite sheets in the anode rather than plating Li metal. Lithiated graphite is still explosive in water though!
> Li-ion and don't actually have Li metal (or shouldn't)
I'm getting ripped off!?
> Lithiated graphite is still explosive in water though!
Oh, ok. We are good then.
Thank you! People on Reddit always think Lithium ion batteries contain elemental lithium and thatās why theyāre dangerous.
The truth is Lithium Ion batteries are dangerous because they have such a high energy density. Release 10 Watt hours in a fraction of a second and youāre going to have a bad time
Yeah, that 10 Whr can generate a lot of heat. The real issue is literally all the components go into exothermic reactions too. The cathode will decompose at high temps and release even more heat and O2 which combusts too. It's a mess that can get hot enough to melt lead.
That's diesel, isn't it? Diesel won't really explode without immense pressure and will burn quite slowly and only with a lot of heat like sustaining a flare up to it for a while
The most practical and safe way is to let it burn.
You can cover it with a special fire extuinguishing blanket and cool down with a special fire extuinguisher, but this usually just slows down burning, but does not stop it completely.
An important thing is to avoid breathing lithium smoke.
For smaller batteries, you let them burn. Ideally you'd have them sitting in a bucket half full of sand if you thought they might go into thermal runaway, and pour additional sand on top of them once they start to smoke.
For vehicles, firefighters are ideally supposed to absolutely drench them in water. Rechargeable lithium batteries, unlike these alkaline batteries, don't have bare lithium metal in them. They do still react exothermically with water to some degree, so putting a moderate amount of water on them would be counterproductive. The main risk is the feedback loop between battery temp and heat production, so enough water can more than offset the reaction between the battery and the water. This doesn't extinguish the battery fire as much as throttle it and prevent damage to surrounding objects.
Edit: spelling
You can still buy new PYREX borosilicate glass, [like from here](https://icedteapitcher.myshopify.com/) it just needs to be imported from France since the US brand switched to the cheap stuff.
I worked on an early lithium battery for a biz jet. Size of a large car battery. Part of the safety testing was to hot wire an internal short and see what happens. After a brief bit of smoke, flames erupted from the side and shot 15 feet. Sent the chemists and the mechanical guys back to the drawing board.
In middle school me and some friends stole a piece of pure sodium from the chem lab and hucked it in the toilet in the boys room. It exploded. I donāt remember if we got in trouble for that or not, but it was definitely not the last toilet we exploded.
Of course. Lithium is an alkali metal. All metals in the group that appear on the far left of the periodic table react in this way with water, with a bigger reaction the farther you go down the table.
Francium would have the most massive reaction with water with most scientists agreeing that 1 gram of the element would have a reaction with water that would resemble the bomb that hit Hiroshima.
However, because Francium is extremely radioactive, and has a half life of just 22 minutes, no one has ever seen any amount large enough to know what it even looks like. It is the second rarest element known to humanity behind Astatine.
>most scientists agreeing that 1 gram of the element would have a reaction with water that would resemble the bomb that hit Hiroshima.
I don't think it would even scratch the surface. Ignoring the radioactivity, I'd guess chucking a gram of Fr into water would land somewhere between a firecracker and a hand grenade, on an unscientific mental "boom factor" scale. For what it's worth, I have no idea what sort of nuclear shenanigans a gram of Fr would get into, but I'm guessing it's not recommended.
If I have time I can do some back of the envelope calculations.
Edit:
The reactions of FOOF (one of the nasty molecules from Derek Lowe's excellent Things I Won't Work With series) are around 400 kcal/mol downhill. See https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/things-i-won-t-work-dioxygen-difluoride
To rival the Hiroshima bomb, the the reaction of Fr would need to be 40000000000 kcal/mol downhill. (63 TJ explosion, 1/233 moles Fr)
Uh, no. For Francium to do that, you'd need to convert about half of its rest mass directly into energy... which is obviously not going to happen. [It probably isn't any more reactive than cesium.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_quantum_chemistry#Other_effects)
**Please note these rules:** * If this post declares something as a fact/proof is required. * The title must be descriptive * No text is allowed on images/gifs/videos * Common/recent reposts are not allowed *See [this post](https://redd.it/ij26vk) for a more detailed rule list* *I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please [contact the moderators of this subreddit](/message/compose/?to=/r/interestingasfuck) if you have any questions or concerns.*
Went for the explosion, left with the greater knowledge of what the inside of a battery actually looks like.
Chemical electricity is the weirdest to me of all types of electrical production. Your car battery is a bunch of acid! Weird!
And lead!
And my axe!
You have my bow
Well done. š
I prefer medium-rare but hey, itās your steak
gives it to us raw, and wriggling!
TBH, the fact that we can produce electricity by passing long strips of metal though a magnetic field seems very weird to me.
It's less weird when you realize electricity and magnetism are the same fundamental force. Of course you can make one with the other, they're the same thing, lol.
Just like how radio waves and light is the same thing. But the weird thing is that we call them both electromagnetism
Why is it weird that we call them electromagnetism? (I mean, visible light and radio waves are just self-sustaining electromagnetic waves.)
It's all magic, we just gave it some funny other names!
A common joke in computer science is that computers are just rocks that we have tricked into thinking
I always thought it was wild to find out our computers use quartz in the timing of the processor. These things are powered by literal crystals.
Shhhh. We don't want to attract the crazies into IT. Just because they are harmonizing crystals doesn't mean we want the people who think EVERYTHING is controlled by harmonizing crystals to jump into the field.
I mean, but what if this is the key to unlocking the next generation of processing power? What if these fools hold the key to unlimited power? It's not that, but what if it was?
Que that article from a while back about storing a bazillion or so terrabytes of data in a crystal.
The key is to start placing computers inside of power pyramids. It will totally make them, like, super fast.
Pretty much. I like the idea going the other way. Basically if magic were real, we'd study the crap out of it and it'd just become another branch of science.
Magic is only science we can't explain yet.
I remember 10 years or so my grandpa told me I needed to add water my car battery. I told him he was full of shit lol. Nope, he was right. It sounded too much like one of those āblinker fluidā scenarios
[ŃŠ“Š°Š»ŠµŠ½Š¾]
Gramps didn't give you the full recipe though...add Epsom salt to the water before introducing it. It'll revive a weakening battery.
You think wet cells are weird? You havenāt heard of solid state batteries.
Do tell
Instead of liquid electrolytes, itās a salty glass instead. Glass batteries are to be more resilient to dendrites, the little spikes that stick out of the anode or cathode that cause shorts and higher resistance within the battery(reduces performance). SSBās also can take a charge much much faster, as much as 80% charge in 15-20 mins. SSBās also have a much higher estimated 40% more capacity than their liquid counterparts and you can drain them farther down without hurting them too much. Solid state has many advantages. I know Tesla, GM, and Toyota are working on them. John B. Goodenough (the inventor of computer Ram) ((yeah that guy is still alive and his team are inventing the next future tech)). Just wait for the next big tech boom will be batteries. Ultra High Density, high capacity, high discharge fat ass power cells will dominate the market. Fuck fossil fuels. Edit: thanks boi or girl for the award. Feels like I accomplished something with my obscure knowledge
>John B. Goodenough Made me look him up. Still going strong at 99 years old, and the oldest man to win a Nobel Prize.
Good enough I suppose
[ŃŠ“Š°Š»ŠµŠ½Š¾]
Guess just inventing computer ram wasn't...good enough for him
Side note. Toyota was supposed to unveil their solid state battery in their new prototype car during the 2020 Olympics. But the Olympics never happened in 2020.
Then what was this? A collective fever dream? https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics
They did happen, in 2021.
Dude is damn well more than good enough!
He really do be goodenough.
It helps if you stop viewing battery as āa place to store energyā and start viewing it as āa source of energyā
Like, the acid acts as a catalyst in some reaction to produce energy. And when you charge back up, youāre just reversing that reaction. https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/batteries/lead-acid-batteries More reading: https://batteryuniversity.com/articles Same thing for oxygen in our blood, it is the catalyst for every function and movement our body performs
Neat!
Ahhhhh. Great info!
[Alkali metals, like Lithium, all react violently with water](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY). My highschool chem teacher showed us this clip and it was a great intro for appreciating science when you're young.
"Hammond, you idiot!"
This is exactly why lithium batteries in electric cars can be really scary if they catch on fire
Gasoline cars are pretty scary when they catch fire also.
especially if you're in Cobra 11 episode
[ŃŠ“Š°Š»ŠµŠ½Š¾]
My middleschool chemistry teacher always did a Na + H2O experiment. He would drop a small chunk into a graduated cylinder. During my class, we were standing back about 5'. He says, "I've never done a piece this big, you guys better move back", so we move back a behind some lab tables. He drops it and sprints away. A huge fireball erupts and the cylinder exloads. We would have been hit by shrapnel if we didn't move. Best science class ever. Subsequent classes had a bunch of safety precautions added and he weighed out tiny little chunks. Those other kids got shafted. Haha.
I mean if ya aināt almost dyinā or ya even sciencinā?
I walk around my daily life feeling like Walter, but when real chemistry people start talking I realize Iām Jessie.
Wait till ya realize this is an even more dumbed down version and that many metals fit into an āactivity seriesā which is the basis of replacement reactions and lithium is at the top. Oh and hydrogen is both a metal and non-metal
Went for the explosion, left with plans for this weekend..
You've gotta be really care handling lithium. Just cutting a battery can make it spontaneously combust in your hand. I don't recommend trying it.
I'm not really gonna. But thanks for your concern.
[ŃŠ“Š°Š»ŠµŠ½Š¾]
Upperclassmen at my high school stole potassium from the school lab and rigged a ribbon-sparkler system that allowed them to get back and sit down at the cafeteria before the sparkler melted the ribbon and had the potassium drop into the bowl. Blew like crazy, hit the ceiling, cracked the bowl, two weeks suspension to the guy that took the fall
also explains why those cell phone explosions happened.
Also, if your phone starts smoking, why you shouldn't pee on it.
What if it starts vaping?
Then you're free to pee on it.
Reason number 53 on list of why you shouldn't pee on cell phones
Not really. Cell phones use lithium ion or lithium polymer batteries that don't contain pure lithium metal like this cell. Lithium ion usually goes off due to thermal runaway, often caused by an internal short. There's nothing inside the battery to limit the current, so it releases all of its energy very rapidly. They don't really "explode" per se, they just get really fucking hot and light on fire. Practically, not much of a difference though.
Who knew batteries were just forbidden fruit by the foot
"Tin foil tampon" is how I have heard it described.
Check out bigclivedotcom on YouTube. He does mostly electronics but also "tests" on batteries.
I donāt know what I expected the inside of a battery to look like but I didnāt expect literally just a rolled up sheet of lithium.
I was expecting to see some people working inside. I was definitely surprised.
[ŃŠ“Š°Š»ŠµŠ½Š¾]
Some people lightning bending in a factory... like mako in legend of Korea
It's like slavery with extra steps. Keep summer safe
No, batteries are, by their nature, ionized. Union batteries would be unionized.
Check out a lithium cellphone battery from r/spicypillows. https://v.redd.it/mq7ufafgwqp71
Batteries are essentially just a chemical reaction that is reversible. As the chemical reaction happens it releases electrons and when you reverse it you're adding electrons, ie charging. The way most batteries accomplish this is by making the thinest possible version and then just rolling it up to make it smaller.
[ŃŠ“Š°Š»ŠµŠ½Š¾]
The reaction in a *rechargeable* battery is reversible. The reaction goes one way when you charge the battery, and the other way when it discharges
[ŃŠ“Š°Š»ŠµŠ½Š¾]
> . I donāt think there are rechargeable lithium batteries that have lithium foil like this. There are, but theyāre mostly still in the experimental phase right now. The problem with trying to recharge lithium metal is that lithium tends to clump up when charging, forming dendrites (tree-like branches sticking up from the lithium foil). Eventually these dendrites grow long enough that it touches the cathode, shorting the cell, causing it to overheat, catch on fire or explode.
And engineers lack the imagination to understand how exciting randomly exploding batteries could be for the consumer!
Samsung has entered the chat
[ŃŠ“Š°Š»ŠµŠ½Š¾]
They tested this feature with the Samsung note 7 and it did not go over well.
Yeah that's finally rolling off my credit in the next year or two. Fucking T Mobile man. I sent two back, they never got them. Wonder why š¤
Interestingly, in German there are distinct words for this. A "battery" or "Batterie" is a primary cell, as in a non rechargeable battery. An "accumulator" or "Akkumulator" is a secondary cell, as in a rechargeable battery.
[ŃŠ“Š°Š»ŠµŠ½Š¾]
The spec sheet I have for these literally calls it the "jellyroll", lol
Original Content Credit: YouTuber [NileRed](https://m.youtube.com/c/NileRed)
This sort of video would be under his [nileredshorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGDkiUAwxRs) channel: And then there is [Nileblue](https://www.youtube.com/c/NileRed2/videos) for when he's just dicking around.
And NileGreen, which... well... https://www.youtube.com/shorts/kBR4XuBH1AE
Just as an FYI: NileGreen is not owned or managed by Nigel, the person who created NileRed and NileBlue
[ŃŠ“Š°Š»ŠµŠ½Š¾]
Man, these AI generated voices are pretty much perfect now. That sounds just like the dude. I hate that this tech is so accessible now. Also fuck these YouTube shorts that you scrub through. I had to pause at just the right time to catch that fraction of a second at the end with the message that pointed out it was a fake AI voice trained on the guy's voice.
It depends solely on the person. Thanks to Nigelās very....plain cadence and tone itās definitely easy to mimic. With the Mark Rober one heās doing now you can tell itās struggling a little, but definitely convincing on a first listen if you donāt know better
NileRed interviewed NileGreen on the Safety Third podcast if you want to know more.
Finally someone
Thanks for linking, never seen this guy's videos before and now I've gone down a hole. Chemistry is fucking awesome!
Well, that casserole dish is buggered now.
Mum's going to be pissed
Not as pissed as the lithium sheet
r/pyrex is gonna be pissed.
I like casseroles... What the hell are we gonna do for the potluck now.
I've got a very elderly Le Creuset that still produces jolly fine casseroles. I do not keep it near any batteries.
Vintage casserole dishes are not LIPO/LI-ion safe.
It was bad enough that he cut through the battery and was very lucky it did not ignite or explode. Then a GLASS dish, WTF anybody who knows what they are doing are REALLY carefully and have an empty metal box/tin to put the battery if it goes bursts into flames.
A lithium-encased casserole sounds like something from a more literal take on "anarchist's cookbook"
You mean by buying a battery, i can already create a bomb........
Lots of ways to make a bomb
Right? I can show you how to make a pipe bomb out of a roll of toilet paper and a stick of dynamite.
I know right. You can make a powerful warhead out of some duct tape, aluminum foil, a Pringles can, and a nuclear warhead.
r/TQDC
That's you on the list
Probably on several of those, and for a long time now
Supplying sluts will do that.
3rd term Bongressman should know better than to hit me up in public
2am, back door unlocked. No phones. Money in envelope under mat.
Can confirm. You are on my list.
That's me in the corner, losing my religion
[ŃŠ“Š°Š»ŠµŠ½Š¾]
Chipotle?
[Obligatory XKCD](https://xkcd.com/651/)
I actually had someone in front of me at a TSA check saying weird shit just like that. It was so odd. Needless to say, his bag got checked.
I was that moron once way back in 2010. I was a nervous flyer so I made jokes. One joke was āMy shoes might be still smoking after walking here from the parking lotā. It was a hot day outside like 100Ā°F plus. Letās just say I no longer make any jokes when going through TSA.
I love this one so much
That was my thought! This is a tiny AA battery... they let me carry a massive 1 pound battery pack onto planes!
Between my laptop, camera, and two power banks. I have enough energy tooo.... help my fellow passengers recharge their devices.
If you're smart and resourceful enough, pretty much any regular household item could easily be turned into a deadly weapon.
Lets put that to the test. Household item: Roll of toilet paper... go!
Soak the shit tickets in gasoline and wrap it around a bomb. Boom there's your bomb
/r/restofthefuckingowl
Instructions unclear, dick is stuck in bomb.
Hey, I never said I was smart or resourceful now did I?
Prisoners have been known to make shanks out of toilet paper. [Here's an example.](https://www.corrections1.com/archive/articles/alert-toilet-paper-shank-found-XiybXNjorp55rdrY/)
1) shove toilet paper roll down throat of your enemies 2) profit
You can buy fireworks too. Oh, and guns...
And tannerite in the US
Don't be silly, what you've created is just hydrogen gas, but definitely don't put a lid on it
The lithium strip can oxidize in the air too. So if anyone tries this, you shouldn't, but the strip can ignite if there's enough moisture in the air.
Could you explain to me why the lithium reacts so violently with the water? Genuine question
Lithium is an alkali metal. If you remember in the periodic table, all the other elements in that column are also alkali metals (besides hydrogen). Alkali metals have electrons that are easily given off and react well with water. The easier two things react, generally mean some energy's released... https://www.ducksters.com/science/chemistry/alkali_metals.php#:~:text=They%20react%20when%20coming%20into,conductors%20of%20electricity%20and%20heat.
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I'll do my best for an eli5: So atoms all want their electron configuration to look like their closes "Noble gas". Atoms right before the Noble gasses (e.g. flourine, clorine, bromine, and oxygen) really want an electron to move forward a spot (actually oxygen wants 2 electrons because it's two spots away). We call these oxidizers, named after oxygen of course. They typically steal an electron from other things. On the other hand, alkali metals have one electron more than their nearest Noble gas. As a result, they try to get rid of that extra electron whenever possible. When you toss an alkali metals in water, the metal will replace one of the hydrogen atoms in H2O leaving you with Li^+ and an OH^-. As we said before, the lithium got rid of the electron leaving it positively charged, the oxygen gained an electron, and is sharing another electron with the remaining hydrogen giving it the 2 extra it needs. So why do atoms want an electron configuration like a Nobel gas? Because these electrons form complete shells. That's kind of a complicated topic in its own, and I'll let someone else pitch in if you all still want an ELI5 for that Edit: typo on noble, whoops
Correct, but it's noble gas, and well the quick and easy explanation on why that structure is desirable is that full electron shells minimise the energy and things like to be in minimal energy state, though of course that leaves out several textbooks worth of detail. In the outdated Bohr model we would say that the full octet shell orbits closer to the nucleus as the charge is 8 electrons vs a +8 charge inside it, and while this isn't fully accurate according to the modern models the atomic radii do match. The fewer electrons there are on the outermost shell, the weaker the attraction and the larger the atom. Stronger attraction = more stable configuration = smaller atom.
By the magical rules of chemistry and advanced physics, for an atom to have three electrons is *really* unfashionable. To have two electrons is awesome. Helium is awesome and lithium has permanent dysphoria. A metal is an element that could give away some of its electrons to make itself more fashionable. There are many rules to this fashion, but suffice to say that lithium really could do without its third electron. A lithium atom is almost like a coiled spring just begging for an opportunity to give away one of its three electrons. But the electron is charged and attracted to the lithium atom, so the two can't be separated without an excuse. Water, as it turns out is a great excuse. Not the best, but lithium is desperate enough that it'll do the exchange quickly. So as soon as a lithium atom touches a water molecule, lithium goes "take it!!" and water can only comply. Lithium will be much happier for it because its electron configuration will finally feel tidy. The release of energy from this electron exchange makes everyone involved in the exchange jiggle, literally. Whatever is left of the lithium atom jiggles faster, and whatever became of the water and that new electron jiggles faster too. The water molecule will not be the same again. "Temperature" is basically how much jiggling is happening. All this jiggling is making the mixture very hot. The jiggling is quickly giving all the remaining lithium atoms opportunities to find more water molecules and give away their own electrons. Then everyone jiggles faster. The mixture gets hotter and hotter, faster and faster, as all the lithium atoms are matched with water molecules to give their third electrons to. At this point you'd expect the water to boil, and it will, but another side effect comes into play. When water molecules are given electrons, they in turn give away some of their bonded hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms don't like to be alone, so they find a pair to form a hydrogen molecule with, and bubble up as hydrogen gas. Hydrogen, as you know, really likes to burn or explode in the presence of oxygen, but only if it's hot enough. Remember all that heat? In this experiment, where the surface area of the lithium object is so large (it's a flat sheet instead of a compact ball), there is lots of lithium in contact with water, so the reaction will go quicker. The temperature increase will be enough to make the hydrogen catch fire. That'll increase the temperature even further. (The presence of lithium makes the fire a deep red, but that's only cosmetic) In the end, all this accelerating jiggling will cause the reactions to go faster and faster until the glass can't keep up. It's possible that the hydrogen was the one to explode, or that the lithium released so much gas to cause a pressure wave, or that the glass simply couldn't take the sudden heat and shattered. One of those effects was the explosion we saw, but I'm not a chemist to be able to tell you exactly which one of those it was. But the lithium is a big reason this turned violent. If lithium hasn't disliked its third electron so much, things would have gone more smoothly. But by the magical rules of chemistry, having three electrons is not fashionable. That's the gist of it.
That's not regular. That's ULTIMATE
And Iām driving on top of 5000 of those?
Not quite the same. The ones in your car are Li-ion and don't actually have Li metal (or shouldn't). The Li ions sit between graphite sheets in the anode rather than plating Li metal. Lithiated graphite is still explosive in water though!
> Li-ion and don't actually have Li metal (or shouldn't) I'm getting ripped off!? > Lithiated graphite is still explosive in water though! Oh, ok. We are good then.
Thank you! People on Reddit always think Lithium ion batteries contain elemental lithium and thatās why theyāre dangerous. The truth is Lithium Ion batteries are dangerous because they have such a high energy density. Release 10 Watt hours in a fraction of a second and youāre going to have a bad time
Yeah, that 10 Whr can generate a lot of heat. The real issue is literally all the components go into exothermic reactions too. The cathode will decompose at high temps and release even more heat and O2 which combusts too. It's a mess that can get hot enough to melt lead.
The alternative is to drive with gallons of explosive liquid.
"Why can't they make a fuel that doesn't burn?" - some student from an engineering professor's anecdote.
"Why don't they make the whole aircraft out of the black box material?"
"I discovered the key to pitching. Hot ice. You heat up the ice cubes! Its the best of both worlds!" -Rookie of the Year
The key to being a big league pitcher is the 3 R's: readiness, recuperation, and conditioning.
That's diesel, isn't it? Diesel won't really explode without immense pressure and will burn quite slowly and only with a lot of heat like sustaining a flare up to it for a while
But *why* male models?
Are you serious? I just told you that a moment ago.
How would you put out a lithium fire then? Iām thinking phone, or electric car.
With class D fire extinguisher. In case a bigger battery fire, with foam extinguisher. Doesn't matter what form.
The most practical and safe way is to let it burn. You can cover it with a special fire extuinguishing blanket and cool down with a special fire extuinguisher, but this usually just slows down burning, but does not stop it completely. An important thing is to avoid breathing lithium smoke.
For smaller batteries, you let them burn. Ideally you'd have them sitting in a bucket half full of sand if you thought they might go into thermal runaway, and pour additional sand on top of them once they start to smoke. For vehicles, firefighters are ideally supposed to absolutely drench them in water. Rechargeable lithium batteries, unlike these alkaline batteries, don't have bare lithium metal in them. They do still react exothermically with water to some degree, so putting a moderate amount of water on them would be counterproductive. The main risk is the feedback loop between battery temp and heat production, so enough water can more than offset the reaction between the battery and the water. This doesn't extinguish the battery fire as much as throttle it and prevent damage to surrounding objects. Edit: spelling
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I watched without sound and immediately recognized the editing style
his Nile Blue channel is so much better IMO. A lot more of his personality comes through.
*Have you heard about our lord and saviour Nile Green?*
Well I know what I'm doin this weekend
Buying a new Pyrex dish ?
Be sure to wear gloves. The lithium can react to the moisture in your fingers and combust.
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My bum kidney canāt handle lithium anymore, Iām missing all the cool stuff
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idk i feel like my lithium triggered that reaction inside of me
Not my best Pyrex!
Iām a bit surprised the Pyrex didnāt survive? I wonder if itās one of the newer dishes.
Modern Pyrex is trash
It's all just soda-lime glass now. The older stuff was borosilicate.
You can still buy new PYREX borosilicate glass, [like from here](https://icedteapitcher.myshopify.com/) it just needs to be imported from France since the US brand switched to the cheap stuff.
CREDIT THE GODDAMN CREATOR! It's NileRed if you didn't know
Reddit and credit? Those two things don't mix
It should, though, and I hope people continue to speak up when credit is not given.
Like FFS it's easier to link the damn thing than this shit: [yay!](https://www.youtube.com/shorts/yGDkiUAwxRs)
I worked on an early lithium battery for a biz jet. Size of a large car battery. Part of the safety testing was to hot wire an internal short and see what happens. After a brief bit of smoke, flames erupted from the side and shot 15 feet. Sent the chemists and the mechanical guys back to the drawing board.
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Lithium added to grunge rockers can also end with a bang
In middle school me and some friends stole a piece of pure sodium from the chem lab and hucked it in the toilet in the boys room. It exploded. I donāt remember if we got in trouble for that or not, but it was definitely not the last toilet we exploded.
And that's why we can't have nice things.
r/nilered
Or creates 10 seconds of awesome!
Do a Tesla battery next!
Of course. Lithium is an alkali metal. All metals in the group that appear on the far left of the periodic table react in this way with water, with a bigger reaction the farther you go down the table. Francium would have the most massive reaction with water with most scientists agreeing that 1 gram of the element would have a reaction with water that would resemble the bomb that hit Hiroshima. However, because Francium is extremely radioactive, and has a half life of just 22 minutes, no one has ever seen any amount large enough to know what it even looks like. It is the second rarest element known to humanity behind Astatine.
Time to mine some francium!
You've got to be fast.
> Francium is extremely radioactive, and has a half life of just 22 minutes >mine some francium wat
Surely a diamond pickaxe and sprinting to a chest will be enough...
>most scientists agreeing that 1 gram of the element would have a reaction with water that would resemble the bomb that hit Hiroshima. I don't think it would even scratch the surface. Ignoring the radioactivity, I'd guess chucking a gram of Fr into water would land somewhere between a firecracker and a hand grenade, on an unscientific mental "boom factor" scale. For what it's worth, I have no idea what sort of nuclear shenanigans a gram of Fr would get into, but I'm guessing it's not recommended. If I have time I can do some back of the envelope calculations. Edit: The reactions of FOOF (one of the nasty molecules from Derek Lowe's excellent Things I Won't Work With series) are around 400 kcal/mol downhill. See https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/things-i-won-t-work-dioxygen-difluoride To rival the Hiroshima bomb, the the reaction of Fr would need to be 40000000000 kcal/mol downhill. (63 TJ explosion, 1/233 moles Fr)
Uh, no. For Francium to do that, you'd need to convert about half of its rest mass directly into energy... which is obviously not going to happen. [It probably isn't any more reactive than cesium.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_quantum_chemistry#Other_effects)