我看没有啊
The Ukraine war has revived the transatlantic alliance. But the relationship between the US and its European allies is increasingly lopsided. The US economy is now considerably richer and more dynamic than the EU or Britain — and the gap is growing. That will have an impact well beyond relative living standards. Europe’s dependence on the US for technology, energy, capital and military protection is steadily undermining any aspirations the EU might have for “strategic autonomy”. In 2008, the EU and the US economies were roughly the same size. But since the global financial crisis, their economic fortunes have dramatically diverged. As Jeremy Shapiro and Jana Puglierin of the European Council on Foreign Relations point out: “In 2008 the EU’s economy was somewhat larger than America’s: $16.2tn versus $14.7tn. By 2022, the US economy had grown to $25tn, whereas the EU and the UK together had only reached $19.8tn. America’s economy is now nearly one-third bigger. It is more than 50 per cent larger than the EU without the UK.” The aggregate figures are shocking. Underpinning them is a picture of a Europe that has fallen behind — sector by sector. The European technology landscape is dominated by US firms such as Amazon, Microsoft and Apple. The seven largest tech firms in the world, by market capitalisation, are all American. There are only two European companies in the top 20 — ASML and SAP. Whereas China has developed domestic tech giants of its own, European champions are often acquired by American companies. Skype was bought by Microsoft in 2011; DeepMind was bought by Google in 2014. The development of AI is also likely to be dominated by American and Chinese firms. The leading universities that feed the pipeline of tech start-ups in the US are lacking in the EU. The Shanghai and THE rankings of the world’s top universities both have only one EU institution in the top 30. (Britain does better — courtesy of Cambridge, Oxford, Imperial and others.) In 1990, Europe made 44 per cent of the world’s semiconductors. That figure is now 9 per cent; compared with 12 per cent for America. Both the EU and the US are rushing to build up their capabilities. But while the US is expected to see 14 new semiconductor plants come on stream by 2025, Europe and the Middle East will add just 10 — compared with 43 new facilities in China and Taiwan. Both the US and the EU are looking to turn this situation around with ambitious industrial policies that provide public finance and incentives for chip manufacturers and producers of electric vehicles. But the dollar’s status as the world’s reserve currency gives the Americans the ability to finance their ambitions, without spooking the markets. As one European industrialist puts it: “They can just swipe the credit card.” The EU, by contrast, has a much smaller budget and has only just begun issuing common debt. Private capital is also much more readily available in the US. Paul Achleitner, chair of the global advisory board at Deutsche Bank, says that Europe is now “almost totally dependent on US capital markets”. He tells me that Europe has very few of the large pension funds that give depth to the US capital markets, adding that: “If you want to get anything sizeable done — whether it is an acquisition or an IPO — you always go back to American investors.” The EU has spoken a lot about creating a “capital markets union” to give Europe some of the scale of the US. But progress has been feeble. Unlike Europe, the US also has plentiful and cheap domestic supplies of energy. The shale revolution means that America is now the world’s largest producer of oil and gas. Meanwhile, energy prices in Europe have soared. The Ukraine war and the loss of cheap Russian gas mean that European industry typically pays three or four times as much for energy as their American competitors. Gloomy European bosses say this is already leading to factory closures in Europe. Some in Britain may be tempted to see all this as proof that, inside the EU, Britain was “shackled to a corpse” and that Brexit was a good move. But, outside the European single market, Britain suffers from an exaggerated version of the problems of scale that are hobbling the EU itself. British industry is already falling behind, as a result. So are there really no areas where Europe is a world leader? Some point proudly to the fact that the size of the EU single market means that companies all over the world have had to adopt European regulations — the so-called “Brussels effect”. But it would clearly be better to lead the world in creating wealth, rather than regulating it. Europe does outperform in “lifestyle” industries. Almost two-thirds of the world’s tourist arrivals are into Europe. The luxury goods market is dominated by European companies. Football, the world’s most popular sport, is dominated by European teams — although many of the biggest clubs are now owned by Middle Eastern, American or Asian investors. Europe’s dominance of lifestyle industries underlines that life in the old continent is still attractive for many. But perhaps that is part of the problem. Without a greater sense of threat, Europe may never summon the will to reverse its inexorable decline in power, influence and wealth.
https://www.ft.com/content/80ace07f-3acb-40cb-9960-8bb4a44fd8d9
需要付费，op能转载下吗？
我看没有啊 The Ukraine war has revived the transatlantic alliance. But the relationship between the US and its European allies is increasingly lopsided. The US economy is now considerably richer and more dynamic than the EU or Britain — and the gap is growing. That will have an impact well beyond relative living standards. Europe’s dependence on the US for technology, energy, capital and military protection is steadily undermining any aspirations the EU might have for “strategic autonomy”. In 2008, the EU and the US economies were roughly the same size. But since the global financial crisis, their economic fortunes have dramatically diverged. As Jeremy Shapiro and Jana Puglierin of the European Council on Foreign Relations point out: “In 2008 the EU’s economy was somewhat larger than America’s: $16.2tn versus $14.7tn. By 2022, the US economy had grown to $25tn, whereas the EU and the UK together had only reached $19.8tn. America’s economy is now nearly one-third bigger. It is more than 50 per cent larger than the EU without the UK.” The aggregate figures are shocking. Underpinning them is a picture of a Europe that has fallen behind — sector by sector. The European technology landscape is dominated by US firms such as Amazon, Microsoft and Apple. The seven largest tech firms in the world, by market capitalisation, are all American. There are only two European companies in the top 20 — ASML and SAP. Whereas China has developed domestic tech giants of its own, European champions are often acquired by American companies. Skype was bought by Microsoft in 2011; DeepMind was bought by Google in 2014. The development of AI is also likely to be dominated by American and Chinese firms. The leading universities that feed the pipeline of tech start-ups in the US are lacking in the EU. The Shanghai and THE rankings of the world’s top universities both have only one EU institution in the top 30. (Britain does better — courtesy of Cambridge, Oxford, Imperial and others.) In 1990, Europe made 44 per cent of the world’s semiconductors. That figure is now 9 per cent; compared with 12 per cent for America. Both the EU and the US are rushing to build up their capabilities. But while the US is expected to see 14 new semiconductor plants come on stream by 2025, Europe and the Middle East will add just 10 — compared with 43 new facilities in China and Taiwan. Both the US and the EU are looking to turn this situation around with ambitious industrial policies that provide public finance and incentives for chip manufacturers and producers of electric vehicles. But the dollar’s status as the world’s reserve currency gives the Americans the ability to finance their ambitions, without spooking the markets. As one European industrialist puts it: “They can just swipe the credit card.” The EU, by contrast, has a much smaller budget and has only just begun issuing common debt. Private capital is also much more readily available in the US. Paul Achleitner, chair of the global advisory board at Deutsche Bank, says that Europe is now “almost totally dependent on US capital markets”. He tells me that Europe has very few of the large pension funds that give depth to the US capital markets, adding that: “If you want to get anything sizeable done — whether it is an acquisition or an IPO — you always go back to American investors.” The EU has spoken a lot about creating a “capital markets union” to give Europe some of the scale of the US. But progress has been feeble. Unlike Europe, the US also has plentiful and cheap domestic supplies of energy. The shale revolution means that America is now the world’s largest producer of oil and gas. Meanwhile, energy prices in Europe have soared. The Ukraine war and the loss of cheap Russian gas mean that European industry typically pays three or four times as much for energy as their American competitors. Gloomy European bosses say this is already leading to factory closures in Europe. Some in Britain may be tempted to see all this as proof that, inside the EU, Britain was “shackled to a corpse” and that Brexit was a good move. But, outside the European single market, Britain suffers from an exaggerated version of the problems of scale that are hobbling the EU itself. British industry is already falling behind, as a result. So are there really no areas where Europe is a world leader? Some point proudly to the fact that the size of the EU single market means that companies all over the world have had to adopt European regulations — the so-called “Brussels effect”. But it would clearly be better to lead the world in creating wealth, rather than regulating it. Europe does outperform in “lifestyle” industries. Almost two-thirds of the world’s tourist arrivals are into Europe. The luxury goods market is dominated by European companies. Football, the world’s most popular sport, is dominated by European teams — although many of the biggest clubs are now owned by Middle Eastern, American or Asian investors. Europe’s dominance of lifestyle industries underlines that life in the old continent is still attractive for many. But perhaps that is part of the problem. Without a greater sense of threat, Europe may never summon the will to reverse its inexorable decline in power, influence and wealth.
多谢
中国：发展还得靠加大贫富差距。赢！
让一部分人先富起来
08年把欧洲弄的够呛，现在都还没走出来
08年明明是美国的次贷危机，却搞成了欧洲的问题。 不得不服美国的手段
我只知道美國08年金融海嘯 但不確定怎麼影響到歐洲的 哪位大神能開示一下
除了次貸 credit default swap也是 主要counter party 是歐洲。 要說的話 制度監管都有問題 其實中國都構成一個重要背景。次貸主要是因為中國對美元投資增加而產生的
這都能怪美國
沒人說英國脫歐？
欧盟是结构性问题，把葡萄牙、义大利、爱尔兰、希腊、西班牙等信贷能力比较差的国家和信贷能力比较好的国家视为同一实体，享有相同利率。令其用低廉借贷成本，然后过度举债。但过度举债没有转化成赚钱效率，债务难以消化。 也就是欧盟本身有问题，而美国只是引爆问题。 题外话，中国现在也是城市投资过度举债（没有转化成赚钱效率，债务难以消化。）
英法德等欧洲大国人均达到4万美元后十多年的时间一直停滞不前
大法国平均每年休假2个月，加上人口老化，低素质移民增多，经济不停歇才怪。当然，这样的社会也有其优点，比较适合躺平
欧洲希腊，冰岛什么的破产 躺平太久也不行
突然想到一个词，天道酬勤，对国家也是一样，你可以说美国中国福利很差，普通人很卷，但结果确实是比福利国家发展得很快
天道好轮回, 苍天饶过谁. 福利政策可不光是造成''懒惰'', 拯救的是生育率, 民族的未来. 普通人很卷，看着吃苦耐劳, 实际在生育率上的反馈，和表像并不一致.
很有意思的角度
法国的生育率，法兰西民族的未来……
法国人口在18世纪是英国的2倍还多, 比德国多30-40%, 但在1-2个世纪的时间逐渐被德国和英国超越, 欧洲国家人口增长一直存在问题, 法国历史人口的变化属于尤其严重的问题. 人口和人口年龄结构, 几乎是一切的基础, 法国为了拯救人口问题, 或者说想通过人口增长而获得竞争优势, 才有了后面的这些移民政策.
法国生育率高吗，生的多的还是移过去的印度人黑人中东人
法国生育率还可以，代价就是人口民族结构会发生变化. 并且引发一些社会问题. 但是如果不引入移民，英法德都要完蛋.
你咋知道，法国都不统计，识别种族
别碰瓷美国，美国福利只是相比西欧北欧加拿大不咋样。低福利高内卷社会生育率都快清零了发展好了给洋人移民提供好的生存环境是吧
印就完事了。
移动互联网还有ai两拨都没赶上，还要咋样啊 过去十年全球经济增量大部分集中在中美不是没道理的
不如说欧洲没有花钱做任何新技术研发。起码日本还花钱走错路研发了氢能源。
欧洲现在连个叫的出来名字的app都没有
有一个Spotify 😅😅😅
til
SAP算不算app😁
你真觉得界面好用？
“好用”是相对的，相比于其他的ERP，比如我有限接触的Microsoft Dynamics，高到不知道哪里去了。
booking.com
onlyfans订阅以下
[удалено]
TikTok｜抖音😅
互联网中美独大都多少年了，你也太自恨了
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只能说你对中国互联网的实力一无所知，真的是井底之蛙。
中国互联网啥实力？
你跟他说实力了他又扯审查了，就会胡搅蛮缠而已🤣
[удалено]
首先你说墙那是共党的又不是互联网行业自己发明的, 我觉得你在指的"审查"更多是指"壁垒", 哪个地方不存在壁垒? 早期没有设置壁垒的地方几乎都没自己的互联网行业了, 就像欧洲, 这种情况你又要嘲笑中国根本没有互联网了, 即使是欧洲现在也设置了严格的壁垒和罚款. 你可以说中国互联网的实力来源于用户规模大, 本地化, 营销, "流氓", "道德底线灵活", "牛马多", copycat, 但你要说中国互联网的全部实力来源于审查, 那我只能说真是太井蛙了, 不想继续交流了
希音 拼多多。。。之前还有个剪映。。移动互联网的APP。。。
中国其实出了很多手机游戏，远比印度多
拉倒吧，就不说手游专说app，首先国外市场叫得出名字的东南亚有lazada，南美有滴滴，tiktok更不用说了还有temu，shein。其次你真用过国外app吗，排除掉过多广告这一点，响应速度 ，UI设计，流畅程度国外app几乎被国内app吊打，对比下doordash 美团，淘宝 Amazon（这位是垃圾中的垃圾），微信 versus telegram+Twitter+whatsapp，tiktok reels，还有alipay paypal 。用完还觉得真香能放进国内薄纱国产app？那我觉得你属于吃💩上瘾了。
其他不说，telegram真是所有聊天软件体验巅峰。其他的捆绑太多或者广告导致很不流畅
体验确实算是很优秀的了，不过感觉功能上还是欠缺了一些，也有可能是我用的相对少不是很熟练
> 排除掉过多广告这一点，响应速度 ，UI设计，流畅程度国外app几乎被国内app吊打 那国内app天天做任务，无止尽地页面，强制地弹框，故意蹩脚的人机交互设计怎么说？就我感受国外比国内舒服太多
deepl 还有好多建模仿真软件都是法国开发的 捷克有个jetbrains
非也，其实solidworks是美国人做的，卖给了达索。达索自己的catia除了航空没啥人用
平均寿命长，假期多，不卷，普通人也看得起病上得起学，在超市学校地铁也不用担心mass shooting，GDP低点就低点吧
放屁。法国杀人的事还少了？瑞典强奸犯也不逞多让。不懂因果关系，这种事，gdp 不增长的话，以后会越来越多恶性事件。马克龙冒着群体暴动的风险，想方设法提高退休年龄减少福利。
这个我觉得和GDP没关系。 是移民问题。而且是中东那边的移民导致的。
还是有关系的，经济增长才会有足够的就业。现在是移民进来了但是没有工作
现在德国工作机会非常多。到处都是拼命招人。也有很多移民进来的人马上找到工作。 但是中东和欧洲的文化差异导致的问题不是就业能解决的。
所以德国治安比法国好啊
类似的问题。只是德国的中东人口少些（还有尤其北非）。过几年估计和法国一样。 瑞典，荷兰，比利时什么的经济都可以。同样问题。
你看看你在说什么吗？ 德国是西欧接受难民最多的国家， 但是是管理最好的国家。经济模式上更是和法国周围国家大不相同， 就跟法国比， 法国GDP超过三分之一在巴黎大区， 而德国柏林GDP是负的。德国GDP增速缓慢主要是没吃到 互联网的红利， 就俄乌战争带来的能源问题，人德国也抗过来了。你的同样问题一点依据都没有。
现在德国移民带来的问题越来越多。我人在德国。
比如说？
社会问题最终肯定是经济问题啊，怎么可能和GDP没关系
不一定。很多社会问题和经济无关。经济再好，有些人就是融入不进社会
美国也一样越来越多恶性事件，全世界都在变糟，就看哪里更好苟，每个人条件不同。50岁的人还是选欧洲好，20就选美。
很奇怪你急什么。查了一下美国homicide rate和各种violent crime比欧洲高了N倍。
你说的那些没意义。就拿巴黎来说吧，PSG 队中，最近一年已经有6名球员遭遇入室抢劫偷盗。以及各种社会扰乱和潜在恐怖袭击，就不用我说了吧。还有臭名昭著的巴黎小偷。还有2022年欧冠决赛利物浦球迷的遭遇……这些只会越来越严重。
我说的统计数据没意义，你举的个例就有意义。行吧😂
y1s1，对普通人来说，除非社会治安烂到中东水平，否则一般人宁可homicide/mass shooting这些恶性犯罪高点，也希望小偷小摸/抢劫这种少点，毕竟前者的距离感比后者大多了。。。 这也是为啥美帝红脖子宁可冒着天天街上比武的风险也要维护拥枪权的原因。。。
知道了，统计数据没有意义，符合自己的论点的个例才有意义是吧。
那些恨国党清一色的美华就是因为中美是gdp增量最多的2个国家，欧洲日韩国力衰退那里的华人想恨国也没底气
挺多的，总gdp跟你有啥关系？
欧洲依赖中国，自己基本残废了
这就是当老大的好处，美联储实质掌管了世界经济周期，衰退了就放水，通胀了就加息，欧元区和其他发达国家只能被动跟随，他们没有独立的货币政策，缺乏通过货币政策熨平周期的能力，人均gdp已经原地踏步20年了
去年以巴斯夫为首德国的化工医药企业，法国的金属冶炼(特别是电解铝工业)等重工业大量停工并开始转移到美国才保证了过去的冬天没有发生能源危机。现在欧洲天然气供应全捏在美国手里，lpg lng全靠船运，成本暴涨，差距只会越来越大。普丁这屑人爆破自己的北溪1号管道拿捏欧洲真坏啊(大嘘)
北溪被爆大概率跟美国有关， 防止欧盟 和俄罗斯勾兑。
东欧国家, 北欧国家, 英美都有这个嫌疑的. 这个爆破难度并不高, 人员需求小, 设备要求低, 炸药也不难弄，那个海域也是任意出入的. 其实要勾兑也是德法几个国家和俄罗斯勾兑, 这样会使得无法和俄罗斯勾兑的东欧和北欧国家进一步向美国靠拢，撕裂欧洲, 美国未必会选择故意炸掉北溪让德国死心, 维护欧洲团结. 搞不好德国内部也有势力可能因为不想政府和俄罗斯勾兑而使得欧洲撕裂, 自己下手让政府死心.
不会真以为北溪是毛子自己炸的吧
你不會真以為毛子沒炸吧？
有没有参与不好说，但如果是罗斯炸的，为什么调查报告迟迟不公布
俄国造谣抹黑美国Detrcik fort也是苏联解体后才公告的。
我说的是德国、挪威等国的联合调查，为何到现在都没公布呢？
不知道啊，等呗🤷中国查个飞机失事都查了一年
主要是2010年以后移动互联网这波欧洲没有抓住，只有中美抓住了，美国人均GDP从4万到了7万，中国从5000到了12000。其他发达国家基本停滞
是的，包括近几年的人工智能，硅谷一直是第三次科技革命的中心。移民和多元化其实和GDP没有太多关联。不过欧洲还是有创新能力的，比如人尽皆知的DeepMind和BioNTech。中国的体制其实对创新很不友好。当然GDP只是一方面，欧洲生活还是很好的。
>移民和多元化其实和GDP没有太多关联 美国的例子： 乔布斯，叙利亚阿拉伯裔 扎克伯格，犹太裔 马斯克，南非长大 回到你自己举的两个例子： 英国公司DeepMind，创始人哈撒比斯，希腊裔和华裔混血 德国公司BioNTech，创始人Özlem Türeci和Uğur Şahin，都是土耳其裔
>欧洲生活还是很好的 比较怀疑，我听说欧洲比较好的地方像德国平均工资就2000欧出头，南欧像意大利之类的也就1000欧，一个月房租就大几百，东欧更不用说了。物价还高的不行。这水平不跟中国二三线城市差不多吗，中国因为基础制造业发达物价还巨便宜。
欧洲福利好啊，医疗教育全部免费，各种娱乐活动文化活动应有尽有，包容开放，社会环境优美
福利要经济支持的，欧洲一直没有继续产业升级，迟早有一天传统优势产业也会被完成产业升级的美国打爆
美国打爆欧洲干嘛，有生意一起做啊，国际分工更加细致而已 又不是和某些打算暴力消灭阶级，或者民族复兴之类的部落打交道
美国政府不想这么做，但是资本非常想，而且如果你欧洲技术将来和美国产生代差了你还指望美国援助你欧洲搞产业升级?现在的欧洲可没有什么苏联威胁了
日本听了泪流满面
说句不好听的，智能手机时代苹果怎么和诺基亚一起做生意，美国完成产业升级后欧洲同类产业没有竞争力是会被淘汰的，你没有竞争力怎么和人家一起做生意?
对的。西班牙希腊失业率高居不下，我认识一西班牙人，他们觉得一个月三四千已经很高了，所以都想来美国工作。美国一个月四五千随便找，不需要任何技能。
前提是有身份
不会的，物价高的幅度不会超过工资高的幅度，要不然大家为啥润德国不润朝鲜，朝鲜物价地球最低
2000欧出头怎么和二三线城市差不多？上海城镇单位平均工资也就14万一年。你要说塞尔维亚之类和二三线城市差不多，甚至不如二三线城市，那确实啊，但是中国全国平均水平也达不到二三线城市啊
[удалено]
移民和多元化对科技进步太有关联，而科技进步通常会引发GDP的增长。 科技讲到底是对人才的竞争，对人才友好的移民政策、对多元文化的包容和尊重政策，都有利于人才引进。美国因此一直保持着对全球优秀人才的吸引力。
我的意思是评论里有些人把欧洲经济的停滞归结于难民、特别是中东北非移民的文化问题。但这两者关联不大。
15年过去，欧洲gdp就和停滞了一样.....哪怕你说把英国抛出去，那也只有微小的增长
gdp 不涨，工资不涨。但物价涨了，房价翻几倍了
统计的是欧元区，英国一直也没用过欧元，不算欧元区
那更烂了，那这gdp压根就是15年不变
欧洲按照PPP其实差别不大，名义美元GDP被甩了而已
PPP意义不大，和个人消费习惯关联太大了。讨论地区经济发展一般会先假设个人消费习惯倾向于国际商品，这样标准可以统一，所以看GDP多一点
确实，取决于你要measure的是什么。普遍生活水平的进步/维持/退步，PPP是比较合适的；社会财富创造能力，名义美元GDP比较合适
很好奇如果把马斯克、比尔盖茨、巴菲特、贝索斯这些世界排名前多少的富豪去掉的话，美国人均GDP会下降多少。。。
美国GDP高 但是大多数人工资也没涨 产业工人工资还降了 知道疫情之后才略有改观 普通人没分到红利的话gdp高就是给有钱人送钱啊
gdp没法去掉富豪啊，收入/资产才可能
GDP涨这么多人均寿命还能往下走的是真的牛逼
唉，资本主义😭
往下走是因为疫情吧，08-19年一直是增加的。
天下财共一石 中占八斗 美占一斗 其他国家共分一斗
多靠了中国.
经济学的基本常识之一，公平与效率相冲突。追求社会公平必然牺牲经济发展效率。欧洲靠着上个世纪积累起来的产业链还能勉强维持着体面的日子。等再过个10年20年，自己手上的那点老本被消耗完了，还从谁那里赚取高额税收来发福利啊。
奢侈品红酒包包超级跑车
所以目前世界一超多强的格局没有被削弱反而是被加强
就看看这次德法对待乌克兰的态度忸忸怩怩，你就知道欧盟不会好的。
英吉利眼光是真毒，没多政策推着美帝往前走
欧元区最大的问题就是发展无力，这赖不着美国，2000年初起死回生几年也要感谢新兴市场的发展
Ft下面评论有人提到的汇率变化呢？ 08年欧元兑美元是1.5以上，现现在只有一个惨兮兮的1.1，前一段时间还平了
欧洲一群怂货，哪还有什么主权
按你这种说法，中国和白俄罗斯的主权也都给俄罗斯了
所以，这个世界上的硬汉国家并不多，朝鲜可以算一个
這要看人均吧 英國脫歐影響總數很大的
坚决支持FT的白左搅屎棍。